5. ASSOCIATIONS AS
“CONTENTLESS” LINKS
- Associative
learning researchers, in both associationist and cognitive traditions,
coincide in defining associations as “contentless” links (see Shanks,
2007; De Houwer, 2009; Shettleworth, 2010; Carter, 2012).
- Carter,
P. (2012). Interactions between sources of alignment in human spatial
learning. Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University
of Hull, UK, July: pp. 173-174.
- De
Houwer, J. (2009). The propositional approach to associative learning as
an alternative for association formation models. Learning and Behavior, 37, 1-20: p. 3.
- Shanks,
D. R. (2007). Associationism and cognition: Human contingency learning at
25. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 60(3), 291-309: p. 294.
- Shettleworth,
S. J. (2010). Cognition, evolution, and behavior (2nd. Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press: p. 105.
- ASOCIACIONES COMO LAZOS
“SIN CONTENIDO”
- Los
estudiosos del aprendizaje asociativo, tanto de la tradición
asociacionista como de la tradición cognoscitiva, coinciden en definir las
asociaciones como lazos “sin contenido” (ver Shanks, 2007; De Houwer,
2009; Shettleworth, 2010; Carter, 2012).
- Carter,
P. (2012). Interactions between sources of alignment in human spatial
learning. Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University
of Hull, UK, July: pp. 173-174.
- De
Houwer, J. (2009). The propositional approach to associative learning as
an alternative for association formation models. Learning and Behavior, 37, 1-20: p. 3.
- Shanks,
D. R. (2007). Associationism and cognition: Human contingency learning at
25. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 60(3), 291-309: p. 294.
- Shettleworth,
S. J. (2010). Cognition, evolution, and behavior (2nd. Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press: p. 105.
[Image] http://img.viajarasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/dragonbridge_large_verge_medium_landscape.jpg
ReplyDelete"Among animals, birds can fly, but can be stopped by a hunter’s arrow; fishes can swim, but can be caught by the fisherman’s nets; the other beasts can run, but can be stopped by traps…then is the Dragon. I don’t know how the Dragon travel underwater or how it walks the earth; I don’t know how it rides on the wind or how traverses the heavens either. Nobody can stop the Dragon.
Today I have seen Lao-Tse and I can say: I've seen the Dragon ".
Confucius
We know nothing about the Dragon, but we can’t ignore it…or stop it. So there it is.
*********
[Imagen] http://img.viajarasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/dragonbridge_large_verge_medium_landscape.jpg
“Entre los animales, los pájaros vuelan, los peces nadan y los otros animales corren. Los que corren pueden ser detenidos por una trampa, los que nadan pueden ser detenidos por una red, y los que vuelan pueden ser detenidos por una flecha…pero luego está el Dragón. No sé cómo viaja bajo el agua ni cómo recorre la tierra; no sé cómo cabalga en el viento ni cómo surca los cielos. Al Dragón nadie puede detenerlo.
Hoy he visto a Lao-Tse y puedo decir que he visto al Dragón”.
Confucio
Sabemos poco, muy poco del Dragón, pero aun así no podemos ignorarlo, ni detenerlo. Ahí está.